Update: Canine Influenza
There have been two subtypes of canine influenza virus in the U.S. dog populations in the recent past. The first subtype H3N8 (equine origin) originated from Florida in 2008 and radiated throughout most of the country. There is currently a protective vaccine for this strain. The second strain of influenza H3N2 (avian origin) originated out of Korea, China, and Thailand in 2007/2008 and then emerged in the Chicago area in March of 2015. Shortly after its arrival in Chicago there were approximately 1000 cases documented in the metropolitan area and the disease then spread out to over 20 states in a matter of months. In early February, two cases were documented in a Kent boarding facility but to date we have not seen or been notified of any further cases.
There influenza viruses are respiratory in nature. Infected animals usually show signs of fever, nasal discharge, cough, and difficulty breathing. It can spread readily through the dog populations through muzzle to muzzle contact or direct contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. The virus can live approximately two days in the environment and on hands and clothing for up to 24 hours.
What about vaccinations?
We are not seeing any cases of H3N8 and do not recommend the vaccine at this time. We have H3n8 vaccine on hand in case there is evidence of an outbreak. However, we do not recommend vaccination for the majority of our patients for the following reasons:
- Lack of disease presence: no further cases have been documented since the original two cases were reported.
- Conditionally licensed vaccines: the H3N2 vaccines have been conditionally licensed—meaning they have been released early to help with a potential outbreak but they have not gone through the normal rigor of scrutiny that we expect from our standard vaccines. Further studies will be done to definitively determine safety and efficacy.
- Low morbidity/mortality: This disease itself can result in the death of immunocompromised animals but the majority of animals should be able to sustain an infection and recover (unlike other viral diseases such as Parvo and Distemper).
How do I limit exposure?
The animals most at risk are those that have a higher exposure such as boarding facilities, day care facilities, and dog parks—if you have an immunocompromised animal this may be something to consider. If you have an animal with respiratory signs, please let us know before you appointment so we can take the necessary precautions to treat your animal appropriately and eliminate the potential of exposure to other animals.
Ultimately, decisions on whether to vaccinate or change your pet’s level of exposure should be made based on a conversation with your veterinarian. At Seattle Veterinary Associates, we strive to partner with our clients so that you can make informed decisions about your pet’s health care. Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have more questions or concerns about Canine Influenza.
Jeb Mortimer, DVM
Green Lake Animal Hospital
www.seattlevetassoc.com